Tekinoroji iri kuchinja inokwanisa sei kudzokorodza marara epurasitiki akasanganiswa?

Vatengesi vekuwedzera nevadzidzi vane mhinduro dzakawanda dzisiri dzenguva refu kana dzisina kugadzirwa zvakanaka dzekubatanidza mapolymer asingawirirane pamwe chete kuti vagadzire zvinhu zvinoshanda uye zvakagadzikana. Mazhinji akagadzirwa nechinangwa chekuvandudza mapurasitiki akadzokororwa, kazhinji asi kwete chete zvinhu zvakadzokororwa mushure mekushandiswa (PCR). Mazhinji, asi kwete ese, ari kushandisa matekiniki ekugadzira maleic anhydride kuti avhare kubatana pakati pemapolymer epolar neasiri polar, kana pakati pemapolymer asina polar asi achiri asingawirirane (semuenzaniso PE nePP).

Kambani yeIntermix Performance Materials iri kuUS, yakatanga gore rapera kuti itengese kugadzirwa kwetekinoroji yekuwedzera ye ethylene-propylene multi-block compatibilizer ine rezenisi kubva kuCornell University. Yakavambwa naGeoff Coates, Purofesa weChemistry neChemical Biology kuTisch School kuCornell, Andrew Arriz, Business Analyst, naTing-Wei Lin, Muongorori Mukuru.

"HDPE ne isotactic polypropylene (iPP) ndiwo mapurasitiki ekutengeserana anonyanya kugadzirwa pasi rose uye ane hunhu hwakafanana hwe optical, izvo zvinoita kuti maitiro ekuronga mapurasitiki maviri aya ave akaoma zvikuru," anodaro Lin. Pasinei nemaumbirwo awo akafanana emakemikari, HDPE ne iPP hazvienderane uye nekudaro zvinogadzira zvinhu zvisina kusimba uye zvisina basa kana zvasanganiswa zvakanyungudutswa. Izvi zvinotadzisa kushanda zvakanaka kwepurasitiki idzi. Zvakataurwa kuti pasi pe7% ne1% nehuremu hweHDPE ne iPP zvinodzokororwa.

Kuburikidza nekushandira pamwe chete nesangano rakasimbiswamuchina wekudzokorodza mapurasitiki, Intermix yakawana mapellets akagadzirwa kubva patambo dzekare nemambure ehove, ainyanya kudzokororwa kubva mugungwa. Mapurasitiki aya emugungwa ane chiyero chehuremu hweHDPE ne iPP chinosvika 1:1. Kambani inoti misanganiswa yacho inopwanyika uye inokundikana kutambanudza isina kureba zvakanyanya. Nekuwedzera 2% nehuremu hwechinhu chinoenderana nekambani, kuomarara kunogona kuwedzerwa kusvika pakureba kwe800% pakuputsika.

Lin anoti misanganiswa yeHDPE/iPP inoenderana "yava kuva zvinhu zvinovimbisa zvinogona kugadziriswazve kuita zvigadzirwa zvisinei nekuumbwa uye kusapatsanurwa kwemusanganiswa weHDPE/iPP wakadzokororwa. Izvi zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mutengo wekudzokororwa kwemapurasitiki uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekudzokororwa."

Pari zvino Intermix ine vashandi vashanu vakatarisana nekutsvagisa zvigadzirwa nekuvandudza mabhizinesi uye iri kushanda nevagadziri vefoundation kuti vawedzere kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinobatanidza zvigadzirwa kubva pagiramu kusvika pakirogiramu. Lin anoti, "Zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa kubva musanganiswa weHDPE/iPP zvakadzokororwa zvinogona kuitika munguva pfupi iri kutevera."

Nexam Chemical yekuSweden yakagadzira pfungwa inozivikanwa se "reactive recycling" kuti ivandudze mashandiro emapolymer akasanganiswa akagadziriswazve akaoma kudzokorodza. Muenzaniso mumwe ndewe PP yakadzokorodzwa ine HDPE. "Nexamite R201 inosangana nepolymer kuti igadzire musanganiswa wePP/PE kuti ipe PP nePE zvinoenderana," anodaro Lars Öhrn, mukuru wekushambadzira wekambani. 85% rPP uye 15% rHDPE blends, bvunzo dzekudhonza dzakaratidza musiyano mudiki."

Mumwe muenzaniso wekushandiswa kwayo iPE ine PA. Nexamite R405 payakawedzerwa mumusanganiswa we93% HDPE ne7% PA6, bvunzo dzekudhonza dzakaratidza kuvandudzwa kwehunhu hwemakanika uye chitarisiko chepamusoro. Kumanikidzwa kwemuumbi kwakavandudzikawo uye simba rekutyoka rakanzi rakaenzana nereHDPE chaiyo.

Öhrn haana kutaura nezvemaitiro chaiwo emakemikari akashandiswa, asi akati haana kubva pakubatanidzwa kweanhydride yemurume. Anoti: "Inoshanda papolyolefins, asi inogonawo kubatana nekuita nepolycondensates. Sezvinoita mamwe ma reactive extrusions, unoda musanganiswa wakakodzera uye simba kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakanaka." Nexamite R201 neR405 zvese zviripo muchimiro chemasterbatch.

Imwe yekuwedzera yazvino kuNordic Grafting Company's (NGC) portfolio ndeye Acti-Tech Compatibilizer 16MA11F, yakavakirwa pa grafted maleic anhydride (MA) Vistamaxx, iyo semi-crystalline copolymer kubva kuExxonMobil. Iyo additive itsva inoenderana nemitemo yeEU 10/2011 yekudya uye inopa vanodzokorodza uye vanogadzira zvinhu nechinhu chinowirirana chiri nyore kuwedzera kuti chiwedzere kukosha kwemisanganiswa ine mapolymer akasiyana-siyana ekurongedza, anosanganisira polyolefins, EVOH, PA nePET, zvichienderana neNGC, iyo ine rezinesi kuExxonMobil yetekinoroji iyi.

Zvigadzirwa zveActi-Tech zvinogona kuwedzerwa pamatanho ese ekugadzirisa: panguva yekudzokorodza zvinhu mumba kana usati washandisa ne moulder, panguva yekudzokorodza zvinhu zvakare nekusefa kana pasina ne recycler, kana panguva yekudzokorodza zvinhu zvakare ne recycler kana modifier. Kambani iyi inoti: "Inomiririra mhinduro yakakodzera yekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zve polymer kubva mu post-industrial recycling (PIR) kana post-consumer recycling (PCR) pamwe nemarara emukati, zvichibvumira mapurasitiki aya akadzokorodzwa kushandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvitsva kana zviripo pasina kukanganisa mashandiro ekupedzisira."

Sekureva kweNGC, Acti-Tech 16MA11F inoratidza kupararira kuri nani uye kuderera kwehukuru hwezvikamu zvakapararira zvePA nePET muzvikamu zvepolyolefin (chiyero chePA/PE che40/60). Quentin Le Piouff, maneja wekusimudzira bhizinesi rekambani, anoti: “Pamusoro pezvo, kuwedzerwa kwe4% Acti-Tech Compatibilizer 16MA11F kumafirimu akagadziriswazve (LDPE 60% / PA 30% / EVOH 10%) kwakaita kuti pave nekudzoserwa kwepfuma yefirimu neyeoptical yakakwira zvichienzaniswa nemidziyo isingaenderane nezvinodiwa uye mutengo wakaderera.”

Zvinowedzerwa zveActi-Tech pari zvino zviri kuyedzwa mumarara akasiyana-siyana anoshandiswa nevanhu vasati vatenga, mushure mekushanda uye mushure mekushandisa, kusanganisira kurongedza mafirimu ekudzivirira ane layer yakawanda pamwe nemachira ekudzivirira, midziyo yemakemikari inogadzirwa nemafuta uye yekudzivirira zvirimwa, kurongedza kwakasimba, machubhu nemapombi akasimbiswa/ane layer akawanda, mambure ehove, mameti nemakapeti.

Sekureva kwaLe Piouff, Acti-Tech 16MA11F inogona kushandiswawo sechinhu chinobatanidza zvinhu zvakagadzirwa ne bio-based (starch, cellulose), wood composite (WPC) uye natural fiber (NFC). Mashandisirwo akawanda anoshandisa iyi universal compatibilizer achatengeswa mumwedzi iri kuuya,” anodaro.

Kuwedzera kusvika

Polyscope Polymers iri muNetherlands, ine bhizinesi guru rakavakirwa pa styrene-maleic anhydride, inoti yakawedzera mugove wayo wemusika muchikamu ichi zvakanyanya mumakore gumi apfuura. Kutengwa kwayo naVertellus pakutanga kwegore rino kunotarisirwa kutsigira zvinangwa zvayo zvekukura mune ramangwana. "Nekutenga uku, Polyscope inowedzera kuvapo kwayo mumusika wezvinowedzera zvehunyanzvi," akadaro Patrick Muezers, CEO wePolyscope, "uye tichakwanisa kushandisa zviwanikwa zvepasi rose zveVertellus, kugona uye chinzvimbo chakasimba chehutungamiriri mumusika kuti tishumire zviri nani vatengi vedu varipo nevatsva."

Kubatana kunogona kuitika pakati pePolyscope neVertellus portfolios kuri kuongororwa pari zvino. muezers anoti: "Kubatana kutsva kucharamba kuchibuda, asi ethylene MA copolymer ZeMac inopihwa naVertellus yakaratidza kuti inoenderana zvakanyanya nePolyscope iripo pari zvino."

Kusanganiswa kwezvinowedzera zvedu kuchatibatsira kupindura mibvunzo yevatengi vedu nezvekugadziriswa kweXibond blends,” akadaro. Tatove kuona kudiwa kuri kuwedzera kwemhinduro dzinogara kwenguva refu. Semuenzaniso, takatanga mapurojekiti akati wandei ekutsigira kugadziriswa kwepurasitiki yakavakirwa pabio musanganiswa wePLA/PBAT pamwe chete nezvinowedzera zvedu. Muchirongwa ichi, zvinhu zvedu zvinobatanidza Xibond zvakakosha kuti zvibudirire mukushandiswa uye mukuvandudzwa, kusanganisira kuchinja kubva kumabhegi ePE echinyakare kuenda kumabhegi ekutenga ebiomaterial.”

"Pamusoro pezvo, tiri kuramba tichiona mikana yekupa mhinduro dzekugadzira mapolymer akasiyana-siyana. Vamwe vevatengi vedu vari kutoona kuti ma "compatibilizers" edu ari kubatsira kusanganisa 'plastic hodgepodge' neABS kugadzira ma "mixes" anogona kuita kuti ma "PET/ABS blends" ashandiswe mukushandisa senge ma "housing" emagetsi," anotsanangura Muezers.

"Chekupedzisira, tawana ruzivo nezve Xibox service model, yatinoshandisa kubatsira vatengi vedu kukurumidzisa kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa, kuderedza mavhiki, uye dzimwe nguva mwedzi, kubva mukugadzirwa kwacho. Tinoshandisa ma mini extruders madiki kuti tiongorore nekukurumidza mafomula evatengi vedu."

Pfungwa yekuongorora Xibox inonzi yakagamuchirwa nevatengi vakati wandei vari kutarisana nedambudziko rekudzokorodza zvinhu zvakawanda.
Tisan Engineering Plastics yezvigadzirwa zveOlebond zveTurkey ipolymer dzakagadzirwa neanhydride dzinogadzirwa ne reactive extrusion. Kambani iyi inoti, "Zvichienderana nehukuru hwekubatanidza uye rudzi rwepolymer, Olebond inobatsira kuvandudza hunhu hwezvinhu nekushanda se compatibilizer, coupling agent, impact modifier uye binder."

Olebond 7401 grade yakavakirwa paPP ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemaleic acid yakawedzerwa kuti ishande semushonga wekubatanidza pakati pepolymer nefiller. Kambani iyi inoti 7401 grade inobatsirawo kuvandudza hunhu hwemuchina wekubatanidza PP nemapolymer asingaenderane nePP.
Olebond 7402 grade inoshandiswa semushonga unobatanidza uye unobatanidza muzvishandiso zvakaita sezvinhu zvetambo zvisina halogen, machubhu akawanda, ma laminates uye musanganiswa wePE nemamwe ma polymer. Semushonga unobatanidza, Olebond 7402 inonzi inovandudza kubatana kwePE kune ma polymer akadai sePA nedzimwe polyolefins. Tisan anoti: “Olebond 7402 inopa kupararira kwakanaka pakati pema mineral fillers, fibers uye polymer substrates uye inovandudza hunhu hwema mechanical epurasitiki dzakagadziriswa. Semuenzaniso, kana ikashandiswa muzvinhu zvakagadziriswa zvakazadzwa ne talc, Olebond 7402 inowedzera kaviri kupararira kwe talc.”

Mamwe marudzi eOlebond anosanganisira zvigadzirwa zveABS neEVA zvinogona kushandiswa sezvinobatanidza muzvigadzirwa zvakasiyana. 7404 iABS yakagadzikwa maleic anhydride uye 7405 iABS yakagadzikwa maleic anhydride uye ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
SK Functional Polymer (SKFP) iri kuKorea inopa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokwanisa kubatanidza zvinhu uye zvinokurumidzisa kudzokorodza zvinhu zvinonzi zvinogonesa vashandisi kushandura marara epurasitiki akasanganiswa kuita zvinhu zvinokosha (kambani iyi yakagadzirwa kuburikidza nekutenga bhizinesi reArkema repolyolefin neSK Geo Centric muna 2020).

Lolita Hauguel, maneja webhizinesi rekambani iyi muFrance, anoti: “SKFP yakatarisana nekutsvaga kwayo kukuru pakugadzira ma polyolefin anoita kuti mapurasitiki anoshandiswa zvakare aenderane nemidziyo yemagetsi. Ma Lotader reactive terpolymers nema Orevac graft resins anoshandiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobatanidza mhando dzakasiyana dzemisanganiswa. SKFP haina mhinduro dzemisanganiswa yakashandurwa zvakare chete yemisanganiswa yakadai se rPET/rPE, rPET/rPP, rPA/rPE, rPA/rPP, rPA/rPET …… zvakare kune PE/EVOH blends.”

Lotader 4210 maleic acid grade inowanikwa mumusika kuti ivandudze PE neEVOH multilayer scrap zvakadzokororwa (zvinhu zvekupedzisira zvinongogumira pakushandiswa zvisiri zvekudya). SKFP inoti mumwe muenzaniso unobudirira unoshandisa Lotader AX muPET yakadzokororwa yakasvibiswa nepolyolefins dzisina kubviswa zvachose panguva yekuronga.

SKFP inoti yakaratidzawo kuti mhando itsva yemacopolymers eLotryl T acrylate akasiyana-siyana imhinduro inoshanda zvakanyanya yekuwedzera simba rema styrene resins akadzokororwa, ichipa hunhu hwakanyanya hwekukanganisa. Kambani iyi inopawo mhinduro dzekuvandudza kusimba kwesimba uye kugadzirisa viscosity yezvinhu zveRABS nekubatanidza ma non-reactive Lotryl highly polar copolymers ne reactive Lotader AX. Hauguel anoti: "Kusanganiswa kwe polarity uye reactivity yema resins aya ndiyo kiyi yekuvandudza marara epurasitiki akadzokororwa."

Mapolyolefin akasanganiswa eOrevac anonzi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya sema coupling agents ePP nePE modified materials. Rudzi rwezvigadzirwa izvi runosanganisira grafted PP, grafted HDPE/LLDPE ne grafted EVA. Hunhu hwe reactive maleic anhydride muzvigadzirwa izvi hunosiyana, asi kana huwandu hwacho hwakakwira, hunoshanda zvakanyanya se coupling agents. Akakodzera kushandiswa neATH, MDH, mamwe mamineral fillers pamwe negirazi ne natural fibers.

Mutungamiri wePetrochemicals Salvatore Monte anoti kuenderana kwemapolymer akasiyana kunogona kuwanikwa uchishandisa mapolymer ekugadzirisa: akadai semaleic anhydride grafted PP, bipolar copolymers (semuenzaniso SEBS), free radical graft initiators (semuenzaniso diisopropyl benzene peroxide), uye organometallic coupling agents (semuenzaniso titanates). Vagadziri vazhinji vemodifier vanongofunga nezve heteroatomic titanate coupling agents chete kana paine matambudziko nemafillers kana kunamatira kune akasiyana ma substrates,” anodaro. Asi kutaura chokwadi, iwo macatalyst akasimba pakupisa anogona kudzoreredza mapolymer akasiyana mu extruder melt, sezvinoitwa titanocene uye ZN catalysts pakushandisa monomer polymerisation.

Akati, “Chimwe chezvakanakira zve heteroatomic titanate catalyst ndechekuti polymer inobuda inoyerera nekukurumidza patembiricha yakaderera, nekuwedzera kushoma kwesimba rekudhonza uye kuwedzera kukuru kwekureba. Kushandisa 0.2% nekuwedzera huremu hwe catalyst kuderedza tembiricha yekugadzirisa inzira itsva yekuwedzera mukana wekugadzirisa ma polymer akasiyana, akadai sePC iyo inowanzoda tembiricha yepamusoro yekugadzirisa (inopfuura 300°C), uye PVC iyo inowanzo shandiswa kupisa.”

Monte anotaura kuti pakuwedzera uku, chinhu ichi chakawedzera kaviri kubuda kwechinhu chinobuda muchimiro che "clear uPVC computer chip housing profile" patembiricha yakaderera ye47°C. Chinovandudzawo kuyerera kwekunyunguduka patembiricha yakaderera ye100°C yekuisa jekiseni remuchina wePC wakasimbiswa negirazi we40% uyo vatengi vanga vachishandisa kwemakore akawanda kugadzira mabhesi ematombo ekugaya nekuumba muchina uyu pamapepa esimbi.

Zvigadziriso nezvinogadzirisa zvichabatsira zvikuru pakuchinja kubva pakushanda kwemhando ye "linear" kuenda ku "circular economy", inodaro Dow, iyo iri kugadzira zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekutsigira kushandiswazve kwezvinhu zvisingaenderane. Iyo Retain 3000 polymer modifier, yakagadzirirwa kushandiswazve mafirimu e "post-industrial films" ane EVOH, inonzi inoderedza gelation, nepo Fusabond grade ichishandiswa se "impact modifier" uye "compatibilizer" mu "post-consumer polyolefin recyclates".