Kugadzira, kugadzirisa, kushanda uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zveTPU

TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane)imhando yepolyurethane inogona kugadzirwa nepurasitiki nekudziya uye inogona kunyungudutswa nezvinhu zvinonyungudutsa. Kana ichienzaniswa nepolyurethane ine mhando yekusanganisa uye yemhando yekukanda, polyurethane ine thermoplastic haina kana kuti haina makemikari akawanda anobatanidza muchimiro chemakemikari, uye mamorekuru ayo akaenzana, asi pane huwandu hwakati hwekuchinjana kwemuviri.
Pfungwa yezvinonzi physical exchange, yakatanga kutaurwa naSchollenberger CS muna 1958, inoreva kuvapo kwe "connection points" dzinodzokororwa pakati pe linear polyurethane molecular chains kana dzakaiswa pakupisa kana solvents. Haisi chemical crosslink chaiyo. Asi inoshanda se chemical crosslink. Nekuda kwekubatana uku kwe physical, polyurethane inoumba heterogeneous morphological structure theory, uye hydrogen bonding ye polyurethane inosimbisa morphology yayo uye inoita kuti isanyanya kunyorova zvakanyanya.

Chii chinonzi TPU classification

Zvino zvatava kuziva kuti TPU chii, ndeapi magadzirirwo ayo? Zvichienderana nematanho akasiyana ekupatsanura, TPU inogona kuva nemapoka akasiyana-siyana.

Semuenzaniso, zvichienderana nechimiro chechikamu chakapfava, chinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando yepolyester, mhando yepolyether uye mhando yebutadiene, ine boka reester, boka reether kana boka rebutene zvichiteerana. Zvichienderana nechimiro chechikamu chakaoma, chinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando yeurethane uye mhando yeurethane urea, izvo zvinowanikwa kubva kune diol chain extenders kana diamine chain extenders zvichiteerana. Chikamu chakajairika chakakamurwa kuita mhando yepolyester uye mhando yepolyether.
Zvichienderana nekuvapo kana kusavapo kwekubatanidza, zvinogona kukamurwa kuita thermoplastic yakachena uye semi-thermoplastic. Yekutanga chimiro chakachena chine mutsara chisina ma bond anobatana; yekupedzisira ine huwandu hushoma hwe allophanate nezvimwe zvinobatanidza. Zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa, inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakaumbwa zvakasiyana (zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemakanika), mapaipi (masheath, maprofile etsvimbo), mafirimu (mapepa, machira), manamati, machira, uye fibers.

TPU inogadzirwa sei

Kunyangwe paine marudzi akawanda eTPU, ese ari e polyurethane maererano nechimiro chemamorekuru. Saka akabatana sei? Zvichienderana nemaitiro akasiyana ekugadzira, anonyanya kupatsanurwa mu bulk polymerization uye solution polymerization.

Mukugadzira polymerization yakawanda, inogona kukamurwa kuita nzira ye pre-polymerization uye nzira ye one-step zvichienderana nekuti pane pre-reaction here: nzira ye pre-polymerization ndeyekuita diisocyanate ne macromolecular diol kwenguva yakati, wobva wawedzera chain extension kuti ibudise TPU; Molecular diols, diisoesters uye chain extenders zvinosanganiswa panguva imwe chete uye zvinoitwa kuti zviumbe TPU.
Kugadziriswa kwe polymerization kunosanganisira kunyungudutsa diisocyanate mu solvent kutanga, wobva wawedzera macromolecular diol kuti iite reactive kwenguva yakati, uye pakupedzisira wobva wawedzera chain extender kuti igadzire TPU.
Rudzi rwechikamu chakapfava, huremu hwemolecular, chikamu chakaoma kana kuti chikamu chakapfava uye mamiriro ekubatanidza TPU eTPU zvinokanganisa huwandu hweTPU. Huwandu huri pakati pe1.10 ne1.25, izvo zvisina kusiyana zvakanyanya nemamwe marabha nemapurasitiki. Pakuoma kwakafanana, huwandu hweTPU yepolyether hwakaderera pane hwepolyester TPU.

TPU inogadziriswa sei

TPU resin inoda kugadziriswa kuti igadzire zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa, uye TPU inonyanya kugadziriswa nenzira yekunyungudutsa uye nzira yekugadziriswa. Maumbirwo ayo emamorekuru ibhuroko rakaomarara rinowanikwa nekuita diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) kana toluene diisocyanate (TDI) ine chain extender uye diisocyanate senge diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) kana toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Mamorekuru nema macromolecular polyols anoita zvekuita kuti agadzire zvikamu zvinochinjika zvakasiyana.

Kunyungudutsa mvura inzira inowanzoshandiswa muindasitiri yepurasitiki: sekusanganisa, kusanganisa mvura, kuburitsa mvura, kuumba nekuumba (kusanganisira jekiseni, kudzvanya, kutamisa mvura ne centrifugation nezvimwewo). Kugadzira mvura ne solution ndiko kunyunguduka kwema pellets mu solvents kana direct polymerization mu solvents. Mushure mekugadzira solution, kufukidza, kutenderera, nezvimwewo zvinoitwa.
TPU inogadzirwa kuva chigadzirwa chekupedzisira, icho chisingawanzodi vulcanization uye cross-linking reaction, izvo zvinogona kupfupisa kutenderera kwekugadzirwa, uye marara anogona kudzokororwazve uye kushandiswazve.

Kushanda kweTPU

Kufanana ne polyurethane yakaumbwa (yemvura) uye polyurethane yakasanganiswa (yakasimba), TPU ine modulus yakakwira, simba rakakwirira, kureba kwakakwirira uye kusimba kwakakwirira, kuramba kupfeka kwakanaka, kuramba mafuta, kuramba kupisa kwakaderera uye kuramba kukwegura. Pakati pazvo, simba rakakwirira rekudhonza, kureba kwakakwirira, uye kudzvanywa kwakaderera kwenguva refu zvese zvakanakira TPU.

1. Simba guru rekudhonza uye kureba kwakanyanya
TPU ine simba rekudhonza nekureba kwakanaka. Kubva padata riri pamufananidzo uri pazasi, tinogona kuona kuti simba rekudhonza nekureba kweTPU yepolyether zviri nani pane zvepurasitiki nerabha zvepolyvinyl chloride.

Pamusoro pezvo, TPU inogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa neindasitiri yechikafu pasina kuwedzera kana kuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu mukugadzirisa, izvo zvakaoma kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sePVC nerabha.

2. Kutsungirira kunonyanya kukanganiswa nekupisa
Kusimba kweTPU kunoreva mwero wekupora nekukurumidza kuchimiro chayo chepakutanga mushure mekunge kushushikana kwekushanduka kwaburitswa, uko kunoratidzwa nesimba rekupora, kureva kuti, chiyero chebasa rekudzora kutendeuka kunodiwa pakuchinja. Ibasa re dynamic modulus uye internal friction ye elastomer uye inonzwa zvakanyanya tembiricha.

Kudzoka kwemvura kunopera kana tembiricha yadzikira, kusvika tembiricha yasvika, kusimba kwayo kunowedzera nekukurumidza zvakare. Tembiricha iyi itembiricha yekusimba kwechikamu chakapfava, zvinoenderana nechimiro che macromolecular diol, uye polyether TPU yakaderera pane polyester TPU. Patembiricha iri pasi petembiricha yekusimba, elastomer inova yakaoma kwazvo uye inorasikirwa nekusimba kwayo, saka, kusimba kwayo kwakafanana nekusimba kubva pamusoro pesimbi yakaoma.

3. Hunhu hwekuoma kwemhando iyi iShore A60 ~ D80
Kuoma kwechinhu chiratidzo chekugona kwacho kuramba kuchinjika, kukuvadzwa kana kukwenywa.
Kuomarara kweTPU kunogona kugadziriswa nekugadzirisa chiyero chezvikamu zvecheni dzakapfava nedzakaoma. Nokudaro, TPU ine kuomarara kwakakura. Kuomarara kwayo kunobva kuShore A60 kusvika kuD80, kunosanganisira kuomarara kwerabha nepurasitiki, uye ine kuomarara kwakasiyana-siyana muhukuru hwese. Kuomarara kwakanyanya.
Nekuchinja kwekuomarara, zvimwe zvinhu zveTPU zvinochinja. Semuenzaniso, kana kuomarara kweTPU kukawedzera, pachava nekuchinja kwekushanda kwakadai sekuwedzera kwesimba rekudhonza uye kubvaruka, kuwedzera kuomarara uye kumanikidzwa (kurema), kudzikira kwehurefu, kuwedzera kwehuwandu uye dynamic heat generation, uye kuwedzera kuramba kwezvakatipoteredza.

Munda wekushandisa weTPU

TPU yakatanga kutengeswa neAmerican Goodrich Chemical Company (ikozvino yava Lubrizol) muna 1958, uye kubvira ipapo yakatsvakurudzwa uye yakapararira pasi rose. Parizvino, vagadziri vezvinhu zveTPU vanosanganisira BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical, Shanghai Hengan, Ruihua, Asahikawa Chemical nezvimwewo.
Senzira ye elastomer ine mashandiro akanaka kwazvo, TPU ine zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvinodiwa zuva nezuva, zvinhu zvemitambo, matoyi, zvinhu zvekushongedza nezvimwe zvinhu. Heano mimwe mienzaniso mishoma.
1. Shoe zvinhu
TPU inoshandiswa muzvishandiso zveshangu nekuda kwekupfava kwayo uye kuramba kwayo kupfeka. Zvigadzirwa zveshangu zvine TPU zvakanaka pakupfeka zvinonyaradza kupfuura zvigadzirwa zveshangu zvakajairika, saka zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zveshangu dzemhando yepamusoro, kunyanya dzimwe shangu dzemitambo neshangu dzemazuva ese.


2. Hose
Nekuti hosipaipi yeTPU ine kupfava, simba rakanaka rekudhonza, simba rekubaya uye inodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye kwakaderera, hosipaipi yeTPU inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muChina kutakura ndege, matangi, mota, midhudhudhu, maturusi emuchina nezvimwe zvinhu zvemakanika.



3.Waya
TPU inopa simba rekudzivirira kubvaruka, simba rekudzivirira kubvaruka uye hunhu hwekukotama, uye simba rekudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye kwakaderera ndiro kiyi yekushanda kwetambo. Saka, mumusika weChina, TPU yetambo dzemhando yepamusoro, dzakadai setambo dzekudzora netambo dzemagetsi, inoshandiswa kuchengetedza zvinhu zvekufukidza zvetambo dzine magadzirirwo akaomarara, uye mashandisirwo ayo ari kuwedzera kuwanda.



4. Midziyo yekurapa
TPU inzira yakachengeteka, yakagadzikana, uye yepamusoro-soro inotsiva PVC. Haizove nezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakaita sephthalate, uye inozopinda muropa kana zvimwe zvinwiwa mumacatheter ekurapa kana mumabhegi ekurapa zvichikonzera migumisiro yakaipa. TPU inogona kushandiswa zviri nyore nekushandisa michina yePVC iripo.